Orthodontists are dentists who have completed an additional two year residency program to specialize in the study, prevention and correction of irregularities in tooth and jaw relationships and deformities of the face produced by these conditions. Orthodontists have traditionally been concerned with the correction of improper tooth alignment and occlusion (bite) primarily by movement of the teeth. In recent years, new techniques and a better understanding of growth and development have given orthodontists the ability to not only move teeth, but to modify poor skeletal and neuromuscular growth patterns. This results in a better bite, a nicer looking smile and a more pleasing facial structure. In some instances when the bite is too far off, an optional surgical procedure may be considered by the patient and parents for further correction.